OS code is written mostly in the C programming language
Most popular Linux Kernel – Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, & Knoppix
Linux is used in web servers, cloud servers, mobile phones, personal & supercomputers, standalone systems, Internet/Intranet Servers.
Command Line Utility: BASH (Bourne-Again) Shell
Shell Prompt for non-root user is $ and for the root user is #
Benefits
Open Source Nature: User gets source code to further customize. Furthermore, it can use tools to develop and resell Linux applications without paying royalty fees under General Purpose License (GNU).
High Stability
Substantial security features
Most advanced XFS file system
Internet Optimized
64-bit network operating system
Overwhelming technical freedom
It runs on widely disparate hardware, including Intel and RISC processors
Fast online access: Users can download Linux from the Internet and install it for nothing on multiple workstations. Note-> Few third-party Linux commercial applications do impose licensing restrictions.
Partitions
Partition
Space
Type
/boot
500 MB
non-lvm
/root
>20GB
lvm
/var
>20GB
lvm
/home
–
lvm
Standard Files Directory
/home
directory for all users to store their data and configurations under a specific home path
/root
The home directory of the root or superuser of the system
/boot
Contains files needed to execute the boot process
/etc
system configuration files
/dev
contains hardware device files
/var
databases & log files that change dynamically
/var/log/messsages
System messages
/run
files created during runtime and were created since the last boot and recreated on the next bot
/usr
stores shared libraries
/usr/bin
User command files
/usr/sbin
Commands used in system administration
/usr/local
stores files customized locally
/tmp
temporary files, not accessed or modified in 10 days, otherwise gets deleted automatically
/var/tmp
temporary files, not accessed or modified in 30 days, otherwise gets deleted automatically
Channels & File Descriptors
Numbers
Channel
Description
Connection
Usage
0
stdin
Standard Input
Keyboard
Read Only
1
stdout
Standard Output
Terminal
Write Only
2
stderror
Standard Error
Terminal
Write Only
3
filename
Other files
None
R/W
File Types
Flat Files: Text stored in rows containing similar information. You can view and edit them using simple text editors; furthermore, you can transfer from one system to another without conversion. Examples: files in /etc directory
Extensible Markup Language (XML) Files: Stores text using tags. Example files in the /etc and /usr directories.
In our entire organization, we use Linux on office personal computers.(Mani. K – Ananova.com)
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